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【目的】地下水的分布、埋深及储变量监测是实现水资源可持续利用的关键，但由于复杂的地表环境和地质条件，如何利用遥感技术更准确地量化地下水资源仍然是一个技术难题。【方法】从综合评价方法角度，详细分析了水文地质遥感信息分析法、地学要素遥感信息分析法、热红外遥感地表热异常评估法、遥感信息定量反演模型、重力卫星数据测量及地表形变测量在地下水分布、埋深及储变量研究中的应用与进展。【结果】(1)现有遥感技术在地下水分布、埋深及储变量监测方面的应用已成为传统测量方式的有效辅助手段，是一种更高效全面的地下水信息获取方式。(2)综合多遥感评估因子并结合地面勘探数据建立地下水评估模型，既充分利用了遥感技术的广覆盖性和高效性，又具有传统勘探方式的准确性和可靠性，是当前应对特殊地理环境下地下水资源评估的首选。(3)多源遥感数据同化是遥感技术在地下水资源评估中的应用趋势，未来在遥感卫星技术及数据联合处理等方面的技术突破将大大提高地下水资源的监测与管理能力，为水资源综合治理提供更全面、更可靠的信息支撑。【结论】复杂地理环境下地下水分布、埋深及储变量遥感评估模型需综合多源遥感数据与地面勘探数据，通过数据同化突破遥感卫星硬件的局限性，获取更精确的地下水评估结果。
Abstract：【Objective】 Monitoring the distribution, depth, and storage volume of groundwater is essential for achieving the sustainable utilization of water resources. However, due to the complex surface environment and geological conditions, how to use remote sensing technology to more accurately quantify groundwater resources remains a technical challenge. 【Methods】 This study provides a detailed analysis, from the perspective of comprehensive evaluation methods, of the applications and advancements of hydrogeological remote sensing analysis, geoscience-element remote sensing information analysis, thermal infrared remote sensing evaluation of surface thermal anomalies, quantitative inversion modeling of remote sensing information, GRACE satellite gravity data measurements, and surface deformation measurements in the study of groundwater distribution, depth, and storage volume. 【Results】 Firstly, the application of remote sensing technology in monitoring groundwater distribution, depth, and storage volum has become an effective auxiliary means to the traditional measurement method, providing a more efficient and comprehensive way to obtain groundwater information. Secondly, integrating multiple remote sensing evaluation factors and combining with ground exploration data to establish a groundwater evaluation model not only fully utilizes the wide coverage and efficiency of remote sensing technology, but also retains the accuracy and reliability of traditional exploration methods. It is currently the preferred choice for evaluating groundwater resources in special geographical environments. Thirdly, the assimilation of multi-source remote sensing data is a trend in the application of remote sensing technology in groundwater resource assessment. Future technological breakthroughs in remote sensing satellite technology and integrated data processing will greatly improve the monitoring and management capabilities of groundwater resources, providing more comprehensive and reliable information support for integrated water resource management. 【Conclusion】 Accurate remote sensing assessment models of groundwater distribution, depth, and storage volume in complex terrains require integrating multi-source remote sensing with ground exploration data, using data assimilation to overcome inherent satellite hardware limitations and achieve more precise groundwater assessment results.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19760/j.ncwu.zk.2025070
中图分类号:P237;P641.7
引用信息:
[1]孟俊贞,杨小权,李志萍.基于遥感技术的地下水埋深和储变量监测评估研究进展[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2025,46(05):23-33.DOI:10.19760/j.ncwu.zk.2025070.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(41972261)