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【目的】冻土的水—冰相变交替过程会造成水文环境与地表工程的破坏，从而导致路基塌陷、山体滑坡、洪水暴发以及冰川溃决等灾害，智能感知潜在风险对保护冻土区工程建筑具有重要意义。【方法】采用2017年1月—2023年4月194景Sentinel-1A影像，利用SBAS-InSAR技术获取了黄河上游沱沱河盆地冻土区形变结果，结合近7年沱沱河盆地GNSS监测数据验证了InSAR结果的可靠性，并引入降水和气温数据分析环境因素与人类活动对形变的影响。【结果】冻土地表形变明显且空间分布不均匀，监测时间段内最大形变速率可达13 mm/年，冻土区青藏铁路路基形变呈现“冻胀融沉”的季节性变化，暖季匀速沉降，冷季缓慢抬升，在气候变暖背景下，暖季逐渐长于冷季；InSAR与GNSS监测结果的变化趋势一致，RMSE和R2分别为4.33 mm和0.9;引入降水和气温因素后发现，冻土区形变具有显著聚集特征，在人类活动频繁地区存在较大形变。【结论】该研究对冻土防灾减灾、保障人民生命财产安全具有重要意义，为高纬度冻土工程建设提供参考。
Abstract：【Objective】 The alternating process of water-ice phase transition in permafrost damages hydrological environments and surface engineering, leading to hazards such as roadbed collapse, landslides, floods, and glacial lake outbursts. Intelligent perception of potential risks is crucial for protecting infrastructure in permafrost regions. 【Methods】 Using 194 Sentinel-1A images(January 2017-April 2023), SBAS-InSAR technology was applied to obtain deformation results in the permafrost area of Tuotuo River Basin in the upper Yellow River. GNSS monitoring data from the past seven years validated the reliability of InSAR results. Precipitation and temperature data were incorporated to analyze impacts of environmental factors and human activities on deformation. 【Results】 Permafrost surface deformation was significant and spatially heterogeneous, with a maximum deformation rate of 13 mm/year during the monitoring period. Qinghai-Tibet Railway roadbed exhibited seasonal "frost heave and thaw settlement" patterns: uniform subsidence during warm seasons and slow uplift during cold seasons. Under climate warming, warm seasons gradually lengthen relative to cold seasons. InSAR and GNSS results showed consistent trends, RMSE and R2 were 4.33 mm and 0.9, respectively. After incorporating precipitation and temperature factors, deformation displayed significant clustering characteristics, with pronounced deformation in areas of intensive human activity. 【Conclusion】 This study provides critical insights for permafrost disaster prevention and mitigation, protection of people′s lives and property, and infrastructure safety, offering references for engineering construction in high-latitude permafrost regions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19760/j.ncwu.zk.2025069
中图分类号:P237;P642.14
引用信息:
[1]刘辉,朱梦源,苗长伟,等.黄河上游沱沱河盆地多年冻土InSAR形变监测与稳定性分析[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2025,46(05):14-22.DOI:10.19760/j.ncwu.zk.2025069.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(41901411); 河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2021GGJS073); 河南省科技攻关项目(212102310052); 中央引导地方科技发展资金资助(2025ZYDF033)