华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版)

引入清水是改善河道水质的重要措施，在多引水口门与流量限制条件下，科学确定各口门的引水流量是提高引水效率的关键。在分析引水对河道水质改善方式的基础上，建立了河道引水水质方程，进而以水质改善率最大为目标，以引水流量、引水量、河道引水后水质为约束条件，构建了河道引水流量线性优化模型，并以望虞河常熟段东岸口门为例，基于典型区域的调水试验，验证了引水水质方程的有效性，同时对口门的引水流量进行了优化模拟。结果表明：引水水质方程的预测水质与实测水质的平均相关系数为0.40,最高相关系数为0.66,该方程能够较好地预测离引水口门较近河道的水质；优化模型能够在满足约束条件下实现优化目标，模拟得到的河道平均水质改善率为55%。鉴于引水口门基本不具备停水条件，建议各口门采取持续小流量引水方式。该研究内容为一般精度下的河道引水水质分析和引水流量优化提供了一种简便方法，所得结论可为引清调度实践提供参考。

The diversion of clean water is an important met hod to improve the water quality of rivers. When the water diversion flow is restricted, scientifically determining the diversion flow rates of multiple river gates is crucial for enhancing water diversion efficiency. This study first analyzes the ways water diversion improves river water quality, based on which a river water quality equation for water diversion is established. Then, with the objective of maximizing the water quality improvement rate, and taking the water diversion flow, the volume of water diverted, and the river water quality after diversion as constraints, a linear optimization model for river diversion flow is constructed. Taking the east bank gate of Changshu section of Wangyu River as a case study, the effectiveness of the water diversion water quality equation is verified through water diversion tests in typical areas. Additionally, the diversion flow rates of the gates are optimized via simulation. The results show that the average correlation coefficient between the predicted water quality and the measured water quality is 0.40, and the highest correlation coefficient is 0.66, which can effectively predict the water quality of the river closer to the diversion gate. The simulated average river water quality improvement rate is 55%. To ensure the river water quality, the water diversion nearly cannot stop, and it is recommended that each gate adopt a continuous small flow water diversion method. This research offers a simple approach for analyzing river water quality after diversion and optimizing the diversion flow with general accuracy, and the conclusions can serve as a reference for the practice of clear-water diversion scheduling.