华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版)

【目的】科学评价黄河三角洲湿地的生态环境质量，系统分析其景观格局，为该地区制定有效的保护与修复策略提供科学支撑。【方法】以黄河三角洲湿地保护区为研究区，基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台，利用遥感生态指数(RSEI)评价2001—2020年湿地生态环境质量；选取斑块密度、景观形状指标、香浓多样性和蔓延度开展景观格局分析，并探讨RSEI与景观格局之间的相关性。【结果】(1)RSEI总体上升，林草地恢复和人类活动的有效约束使RSEI由“较差”提升至“中等”水平；一千二保护区及黄河口东部入海口的生态环境质量因排污口整治得到显著改善；西部和中部地区受人类活动与城市扩张影响，生态环境不容乐观。(2)2001—2019年，斑块密度和景观形状指标上升，景观多样性增加，但蔓延度下降，导致景观连通性减弱。2020年，部分区域连通性恢复，蔓延度显著上升，形成较连续的优势斑块。(3)景观格局指标与RSEI的时间变化趋势一致，蔓延度与RSEI呈负相关(r=-0.72),表明过度连通会降低生态系统的多样性和稳定性；斑块密度、景观形状、香浓多样性与RSEI均呈正相关(r分别为0.75、0.76、0.72),说明景观异质性和多样性有助于生态环境质量提升。【结论】黄河三角洲湿地生态环境质量呈现总体改善、局部波动、空间分异的显著特征，景观格局的时间变化趋势与RSEI的一致。本研究可为研究区生态保护与治理提供科学依据。

【Objective】 Scientifically evaluate the ecological environment quality of the Yellow River Delta Wetlands, systematically analyze its landscape patterns, and provide scientific support for formulating effective protection and restoration strategies in the region. 【Methods】 Taking the Yellow River Delta Wetland Reserve as the study area, the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI) was used to evaluate the ecological environment quality of the wetland from 2001 to 2020 based on the platform of Google Earth Engine(GEE). The patch density, landscape shape index, Shannon diversity index, and contagion index were selected for the analysis of the landscape pattern, and the correlation between the RSEI and the landscape pattern was explored. 【Results】(1) RSEI increased in general, forest and grassland restoration and effective constraints of human activities improved the RSEI from ″poor″ to ″medium″ level. The ecological quality of the Yi-Qian-Er protected areas and the eastern estuary of the Yellow River improved significantly due to the remediation of sewage outfalls. The western and central regions were affected by human activities and urban expansion, and the ecological environment was not optimistic.(2) From 2001 to 2019, the patch density and landscape shape index increased, and landscape diversity increased, but the contagion index declined, resulting in weakened landscape connectivity. In 2020, connectivity was restored in part of the area, and the contagion index increased significantly, resulting in the formation of more continuous dominant patches.(3) The temporal trends of landscape pattern indicators and RSEI were consistent, and the contagion index was negatively correlated with RSEI(r=-0.72), suggesting that excessive connectivity reduced ecosystem diversity and stability. Patch density, landscape shape index, and Shannon diversity index were positively correlated with RSEI(r=0.75, 0.76, and 0.72), suggesting that landscape heterogeneity and diversity contributed to the enhancement of ecological quality. 【Conclusion】 The ecological environment quality of the Yellow River Delta Wetlands shows significant characteristics of overall improvement, local fluctuations, and spatial differentiation. The temporal change trend of the landscape pattern is consistent with the changes in RSEI. This study can provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and management in the study area.