自然科学版学报

为提升传统水电的调节能力，扩大新能源的接入规模，可对常规水电站进行改造并增建泵站，以实现蓄能与发电的双重功能。构建基于卧式抽蓄的水电融合改造及风光水储多能互补系统，有助于实现对电网的调峰填谷，提高电网对新能源的消纳能力，保证风光等清洁能源进一步提质增效。通过对风电、光伏、水电和卧式抽蓄等发电子系统建立数学模型，设立目标函数与约束条件，利用优化算法对模型进行求解，得到风光互补出力与径流水电、垃圾发电和负荷特性规律，最后引入综合电费率计算互补基地的经济效益。分析结果显示，对第二级水电改造为卧式抽蓄后，丰水年的最优容量配置结果为风电645 MW、光伏1 081 MW,互补基地的功率偏差减小至0.532 0 MW/h,电力供应总成本降低至4.362 1亿元，电网2相连时电费率降低至0.028 4元/(kW·h),经济效益大幅提高。基于卧式抽蓄建立的多能互补容量配置优化模型，可进一步提高对能源的利用效率，充分发挥风光水储等资源的互补优势，提高系统的经济性和稳定性。

To enhance the regulation capacity of traditional hydropower and expand the scale of new energy access, conventional hydropower stations can be upgraded with additional pumping stations to achieve dual functions of energy storage and power generation. This study constructs multi-energy complementary system integrating horizontal pumped storage with hydropower transformation, wind, solar, and storage systems. The system is designed to assist grid peak shaving and valley filling, increase the grid′s capacity to accommodate new energy, and further improve the quality and efficiency of clean energy such as wind and solar power. Mathematical models for wind power, photovoltaic, hydropower, and horizontal pumped storage generation subsystems were developed, with objective functions and constraints established. An optimization algorithm was applied to solve the configuration model, yielding the complementary output characteristics of wind and solar power, runoff hydropower, waste-to-energy generation, and load profiles. Finally, a comprehensive tariff rate was introduced to evaluate the economic benefits of the complementary base. The analysis results indicate that after transforming the second-stage hydropower station into horizontal pumped storage, the optimal capacity allocation during an abundant water year is 645 MW of wind power and 1 081 MW of photovoltaic. The power deviation of the complementary base is reduced to 0.532 0 MW/h, the total power supply cost decreases to 436.21 million CNY, and the tariff rate for a 2-hour grid connection drops to 0.028 4 CNY/(kW·h), significantly improving economic benefits. The capacity allocation optimization model based on horizontal pumped storage enhances energy utilization efficiency, maximizes the complementary advantages of wind, solar, hydropower, and storage resources, and improves the system's economic performance and stability.